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液壓缸(gang)結構基本上(shang)可(ke)以分為(wei)缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)缸(gang)蓋、活塞和(he)(he)活塞桿、密封(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、緩沖(chong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)(he)排氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)五個部分。今天威海力建小編著重帶著大(da)家了(le)解一下缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)缸(gang)蓋。

 缸(gang)筒(tong)和缸(gang)蓋

一般來說，缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)和缸(gang)蓋的結(jie)(jie)構(gou)形式和其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的材料有關。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壓力p＜10MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)；p＜20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)；p＞20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)或鍛(duan)鋼(gang)。法蘭連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)加工(gong)(gong)，也容(rong)易(yi)(yi)裝拆(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形尺(chi)寸和重量都較(jiao)大(da)(da)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)制的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上。半環連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式，它的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)壁部(bu)因開了環形槽(cao)而削(xue)弱了強度，為此有時(shi)(shi)要加厚(hou)缸(gang)壁，它容(rong)易(yi)(yi)加工(gong)(gong)和裝拆(chai)，重量較(jiao)輕，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)或鍛(duan)鋼(gang)制的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上。螺紋連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式，它的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)端部(bu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)復雜，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)要求保(bao)證內(nei)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)同心，裝拆(chai)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具，它的外(wai)(wai)形尺(chi)寸和重量都較(jiao)小，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)或鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)制的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上。拉桿連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性大(da)(da)，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)加工(gong)(gong)和裝拆(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形尺(chi)寸較(jiao)大(da)(da)，且(qie)較(jiao)重。焊接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，尺(chi)寸小，但缸(gang)底處內(nei)徑(jing)不(bu)易(yi)(yi)加工(gong)(gong)，且(qie)可能引(yin)起變形。

有異物進入后，活塞滑動表面的(de)(de)外側如裝有帶唇緣(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)件(jian)，那么，工作時密(mi)(mi)封(feng)件(jian)的(de)(de)唇緣(yuan)(yuan)即(ji)可刮動異物，這對于避免劃(hua)傷是有利的(de)(de)。但是裝0形密(mi)(mi)封(feng)圈的(de)(de)活塞，其兩(liang)端是滑動表面，異物夾在此滑動表面之間，容易(yi)形成傷痕。

異物(wu)進入缸內的途徑有下列(lie)幾(ji)種(zhong)。

① 進入缸內(nei)的異物

a.由于保管時不注(zhu)意(yi)使(shi)油口(kou)敞開著，將(jiang)產生時刻(ke)接受異物的條件，這是不允許的。保管時必須注(zhu)入防銹(xiu)油或者工作油液，并且(qie)塞好。

單桿活塞液(ye)壓(ya)缸,由于無(wu)桿腔(qiang)的有效工作面積(ji)大于有桿腔(qiang)的有效工作面積(ji),故(gu)當(dang)缸兩(liang)腔(qiang)同時(shi)接通壓(ya)力油管時(shi),活塞(或缸體(ti))仍(reng)能移動,這種連接方式稱(cheng)為差動連接.

差(cha)動連接時(shi),有效工作(zuo)面積(ji)相當于活塞桿(gan)截(jie)面積(ji),適用與輕載快速場(chang)合.

伸縮式液壓缸

伸縮式(shi)液(ye)壓缸(gang)又叫多級(ji)缸(gang).它有(you)單(dan)作用(yong)和雙作用(yong)兩種形(xing)式(shi).伸縮式(shi)液(ye)壓缸(gang)由兩個(ge)或多個(ge)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)套裝而成(cheng),前級(ji)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)缸(gang)的活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)是后級(ji)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)缸(gang)的缸(gang)筒(tong).這種液(ye)壓缸(gang)在各級(ji)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)依(yi)次伸出時(shi)可得到很(hen)大行程(cheng),但(dan)縮入后軸向尺寸很(hen)小.